Rabbi Mansour

Shabbat Morning Class

פרשת אמר

ולא תחללו את שם קדשי ונקדשתי בתוך בני ישראל אני ה' מקדשכם" "-"you shall not

defile my holy name and I shall be sanctified among the children of Israel. I

am Hashem who sanctifies you".

From this Pasuk we learn the obligation to sacrifice one’s life to

sanctify the name of Hashem. Our Rabbis teach us that whoever is killed

because he is Jewish goes straight to Gan Eden.

We also learn from this Pasuk the obligation for one to pray with a

Minyan of ten people (how this is learnt from this Pasuk will be explained

shortly).

What is the connection between dying ' על קידוש ה -to sanctify

Hashem’s name, and praying with a Minyan that they are derived from the

same Pasuk?? The Shulhan Aruch says that a person is supposed to pray

with such intense devotion that his physical body practically leaves him!

Praying must be an "out of body" experience, where a person connects

himself with his creator to the point where he does not even feel his

physical being! The Baal Shem Tov explains this from the Pasuk that says

תפלה לא-ל חיי" "-"Tefilah to Hashem is my life". The prayer to Hashem

should be so strong that it literally takes your life! " !"תפילה לא-ל- חיי

This is called התפשטות הגשמיות -"stripping oneself of his physicality".

Through our prayer we become like a Korban-sacrifice, which is totally

sanctified to Hashem and is sacrificed on the altar. A Korban is first

stripped of its hide in a process called הפשטה . This is comparable to the

התפשטות -stripping of our physicality that we are supposed to strive for as

we pray. This is another meaning of the statement in the Gemarah that

says: " תפילת כנגד תמידין תקנום "-"the prayers were established to reflect the

sacrifices". The intent is that just like a sacrifice, we are to sanctify

ourselves and remove our physicality at the time of prayer.

This was personified by Yishak Avinu. He was a human sacrifice to

sanctify Hashem, and embodied all the holy intentions that come with it.

This explains why we recited the נקדישך in the middle of the Berachah of

מחיה המתים . Why was this Berachah specifically chosen to insert the

Kedusha?? We now understand that, Kiddush Hashem and sanctifying

Hashem’s name through giving one’s life, is personified by Yishak Avinu. At

the time that he was bound on the alter he was so connected to Hashem

that he literally lost connection with his body, and was in the Shamayim!

When Hashem told Avraham not to sacrifice his son, Yishak had to come

back down to his body and this was a case of תחית המתים . Yishak was

brought back from the dead! For this reason, we recite נקדישך which stands

for sanctifying Hashem’s name during the Berachah of תחית המתים , to

commemorate Yishak’s sanctifying Hashem’s name by leaving this world

then coming back to life!

One of the Kavanot we should have in mind during the נקדישך is that

we are fulfilling the positive commandment to sanctify Hashem’s name

."ונקדישך בתוך בני ישראל"

The Importance of Praying With a Minyan

"אמר ר' יוחנן בשעה שהק''בה בא בבית הכנסת ולא מצא עשרה מיד הוא כועס,

שנאמר מדוע באתי ואין איש, קראתי ואין עונה" - "R’ Yochanan says: at the time

when Hashem enters a synagogue and does not find ten men he

immediately becomes angry. As it says; why I have come and there is not a

man?! I have called but no one answered!"

We see from this statement the severity of praying with a Minyan.

Hashem immediately gets angry with us if there is no Minyan!

What is it about a Minyan that causes Hashem to get so angry when

there isn’t one?!

One explanation is based upon the connection between the 13

attributes of mercy of Hashem, and the 13 principles of Rabbi Yishmael

through which the Torah is expounded. We have learnt that each one of the

13 Midot corresponds with each one of the 13 principles of Rabbi Yishmael.

For example, the first attribute of mercy is א-ל . The first principle is קל

וחומר . This means that whenever we come across a קל וחומר (a fortiori

logical argument) in the Gemarah we are accessing the attribute of ,א-ל

which stands for חסד of Hashem, as it says; " ."חסד א-ל כל הי ום

This is illustrated in the story of Miriam when she spoke about Moshe

Rabeinu. Hashem told Moshe: "had she been scolded by her father,

wouldn’t she have been banned to appear for seven days?! All the more so

she should be banned for seven days since she is being scolded by me!"

This constituted a קל וחומר . When Moshe heard this, he prayed "א-ל נא רפא

נא לה" . He asked that Hashem, in the name of א -ל should heal her. Once

Hashem "tipped him off" through the קל וחומר , he knew which name of

Hashem to address in his prayer.

Another example of this connection is through the 13th principle and

attribute. The 13th attribute is ונקה (and will be absolved). This is connected

with the 13th principle "שני כתובים המכחשים זה את זה עד שיבא הכתוב השלישי

ויכרע ביניהם" -"two contradictory Pesukim that a third Pasuk comes and

clarifies between them".

What is the connection between ונקה and the 13th principle of Rabbi

Yishmael??

The Pasuk says " ונקה לא ונקה "(literally; he will be absolved he will not

be absolved). The question is, which one is it?! Will he be absolved or not

be absolved?! The Gemarah explains that for one who does Teshuvah he

will be absolved, for one who does not do Teshuvah he will not be

absolved. This Pasuk of ונקה לא ינקה is an example of "2 conflicting

Pesukim" and is the 13th principle of Rabbi Yishmael. This is the connection

between ונקה and the 13th principle of Rabbi Yishmael of "2 conflicting

Pesukim".

In this case, the obligation to pray with a Minyan is learnt from this

Pasuk through a גזרה שוה , a common word found in several Pesukim. The

word תוך in " ונקדישך בתוך בני ישראל " and the word " הבדלו מתוך העדה " written

by Korah connects our Pasuk to that one. The word עדה from the Pasuk of

Korah and the word עדה in a Pasuk by the spies connect those two

Pesukim, and through this "double connection" we learn that just like the

evil spies consisted of ten men, so too the obligation of a Minyan to sanctify

Hashem’s name consists of ten men. This is a גזירה שוה , and is the second

principle of Rabbi Yishmael. What is the second attribute of mercy of

Hashem? רחום (merciful). We say "והוא רחום יכפר עון ולא ישחית והרבה להשיב

אפו" - "the merciful one will forgive iniquity and not destroy, he will frequently

turn away his anger" we see from here that the aspect of רחום -mercy is

what "turns away" the anger of Hashem.

We now understand that when we do not form a Minyan- and thereby

utilize the גזרה שוה that is the source of praying with a Minyan- we thereby

forfeit the corresponding Middah of רחום -mercy. Once we do not have the

mercy of Hashem ח''ו , this causes the anger of Hashem to be unleashed

ח''ו , and this is why when Hashem comes to shul and does not find a

Minyan " מיד הוא כועס "-he immediately becomes angry!

We also see in another respect, " רחום " representing the mercy of

Hashem overtaking the judgment of Hashem, from a line in the song "אדיר

במלוכה" sung at the end of the Hagadah Shel Pesah. It says " "רחום כהלכה

Hashem is merciful "like the Halacha". What is the meaning of being

merciful "like the Halacha"?? The explanation is that the "right" of Hashem

represents Kindness ( חסד ), the "left" of Hashem represents judgment ( ,(דין

and the "middle" represents a combination of the two ( תפארת ). The mixing

of kindness and judgment creates an even greater level of kindness. When

it comes time for a decision, it comes out that there are two factors in favor

of the kindness of Hashem ( חסד and תפארת ), and only one in favor of strict

judgment ( דין ). The Halacha states יחיד ורבים הלכה כרבים (majority wins) so

Hashem judges us favorably in accordance with the Halacha. This is the

meaning of he is " רחום (merciful) like the Halacha". This is another example

of the word רחום being used to represent avoiding Hashem’s anger and

enjoying Hashem’s kindness, and when the גזרה שוה is not utilized by not

having a Minyan, we lose this protection of רחום that a גזרה שוה represents.

The Benefit of Praying With a Minyan and the Power of Kaddish

The Gemarah (Berachot 3a) brings a story of R’ Yossi once entered a

ruin. Eliyahu Hanavi waited for him at the entrance of the ruin. When R’

Yossi emerged, Eliyahu asked him; "what did you hear"? I heard a

heavenly voice saying "woe to the sons because of whose sins I destroyed

my house, burned my temple and exiled them to the nations" answered R’

Yossi. Eliyahu responded "by your life, and the life of your head! It is not

only at this moment that Hashem says this, but on each and every day he

says this three times! Not only this, but when the Jewish people are in

synagogue and answer "Amen Yehe Sheme Raba" in Kaddish, Hashem

shakes his head and says; " אשר המלך שמקלסין אותו בביתו כך ":–"fortunate is

the king who is praised this way in his house. What is there for the father

who has exiled his sons?! Woe to the sons who have been exiled from their

fathers table".

Let us analyze this incident of the Gemarah. Three times daily

Hashem bemoans the fact that his children forced him to exile them, but

when the Jews answer Amen Yehe Sheme Raba, Hashem rejoices in his

children’s praise, and feels anguish over the fact that he had to exile us.

What is it about Amen Yehe Sheme Raba that makes Hashem say this??

Why is precisely when the Jews answer "Amen Yehe Sheme Raba" the

time when Hashem feels anguish over our exile?!

Tosafot quotes a commentary of Machzor Vitri which explains that the

Amen Yehe Sheme Raba is a prayer that Hashem’s name should be

lengthened to its full form. In exile Hashem’s name is "shortened" and it is

only י-ה (as the Pasuk says regarding Amalek [which represents the exile]

כי יד על כס-יה ). We pray that his name י -ה should be lengthened

שמ-יה רבה) , the name י-ה should be; רבה - lengthened) and increased to be

in its full form of י -ה-ו-ה . This entails the addition of ו -ה to the current name

in the Galut of י-ה . We also see this hinted in the first few words of Kaddish.

יתגדל ויתקדש שמיה רבה" " the words יתגדל ויתקדש contain 11 letters alluding

to the ו-ה (which equals 11) that we pray should be added to the י -ה , the

current name of Hashem. The word שמיה comprises the words שם -י-ה . We

pray that the name י-ה should be יתגדל -"be increased" to incorporated the

ו -ה , and complete the name of Hashem.

It is now clear why Hashem says אשרי המלך "-"praised is the king who

is praised like this" when the Jews answer Amen Yehe Sheme Raba. The

word אשרי comprises the first letters of אמן יהא שמיה רבה . It is at that

moment when Hashem feels sorrow over the fact that his name is

incomplete due to the exile. When we answer Amen Yehe Sheme Raba,

and pray that Hashem’s name becomes increased to its full form, it triggers

this reaction of Hashem, and Hashem then desires to fulfill the wishes of

his children and increase his name by ending the exile!

With this we have another understanding of why we need ten men to

form a Minyan. In reality a Minyan consists of eleven, not ten. Who is the

eleventh?? It is Hashem himself! As mentioned, Hashem himself comes

down and joins the Minyan, and if there is no Minyan Hashem asks "מדוע

באתי ואין איש" -"why have I come and there is no man?!" The ten men plus

Hashem total eleven, and eleven is the numerical value of ו-ה . The Ramban

in Bereshit explains; that sometimes an action is required in this world in

order to trigger a miracle that will happen in Shamayim, and will manifest

itself on earth at a later time (this is why Avraham stopped in the city of

Shechem, he knew that Shechem would be the first city the Jews would

encounter when they were going to conquer the land of Israel. He did an

action to cause a miracle for the Jews at a later time). Like this idea of the

Ramban we too do an action on this world- we gather ten men plus

Hashem to form eleven - in order to trigger a miracle from above that the

eleven ( ו -ה ) should be brought back down to Hashem’s name!

This answers a question that is asked about the Ketoret (incense

offering). One of the eleven spices used in the Ketoret is the חלבונה

(galbanum). It is a foul smelling spice but is still an integral ingredient. From

here the Rabbis learn that even a Rasha- a Jew with no good deeds that is

"foul smelling" can still be a part of a Minyan.

The question is, the חלבונה is one of eleven! How then do we see that

he is accepted to comprise a Minyan of ten?!

We now understand that the eleven spices correspond to the eleven

that it takes to make a Minyan. It is ten men plus Hashem which totals

eleven. Which spice of the Ketoret corresponds to Hashem?? It is the

חלבונה זכה -pure frankincense that alludes to Hashem who is pure. The

חלבונה is indeed eligible to be a part of the ten men that comprise a Minyan

because every Jew, no matter how far he has strayed, can come back.

We now understand a new understanding in the Pasuk we have been

analyzing. " -"ונקדשתי בתוך בני ישראל אני ה' מקדשכם

ונקדשתי ; if we sanctify Hashem’s name by reciting Kaddish with ten Men

and thereby create eleven to bring down the ו -ה of Hashem’s name – then;

אני ה' I will be Hashem, with his name in its complete form!

This explains a Gemarah (Berachot 8a) that analyzes the Pasuk in

Tehilim:" ואני תפילתי לך ה' עת רצון "-"as for me, let my prayer be to you

Hashem in an acceptable time".

What is this favorable time- עת רצון that David Hamelech was

referring to?? It is the time when a Minyan of people gathers to pray.

Based on what we’ve said we can understand this Pasuk even more.

ואני תפילתי -as for me, what is my prayer? ' לך ה -that your name י-ה-ו -ה

should be complete. This is through עת רצון -the gathering of ten men to

form eleven, and bring down the ו -ה to complete .י-ה -ו -ה

We now also understand why when Hashem comes to a shul and

does not see ten men, he says " מדוע באתי ואין איש ". Why does it say; אין

איש -no man? It should say אין אנשים -there are no men to form a Minyan?!

(Simply understood, it is referring to a case where there are 9 men in the

shul, and they are waiting for a tenth man. They are only short one, so

Hashem asks "where is he"? Where is the איש - the one man that they

need??) The explanation is that the word איש stands for the words אמן יהא

שמיה . Hashem gets angry that there is not ten men to total eleven ( ו-ה ), and

to recite Kaddish, and request that Hashem’s name be increased by

answering the Amen Yehe Sheme Raba!

This is why David Hamelech began Tehilim with the words -אשרי האיש

"fortunate is the man". David was alluding to this power that we have

through answering Amen Yehe Sheme Raba. The word אשרי stands for אמן

יהא שמיה רבה and איש stands for אמן יהא שמיה . By answering Amen Yehe

Sheme Raba with the proper concentration and longing for the name of

Hashem to be complete through the redemption, we cause a reaction in the

Shamayim and bring closer the !גאולה

May we merit having this focus, and appreciating how special it is to

pray with a Minyan, and how powerful it is to answer "Amen Yehe Sheme

Raba". With this we will have the proper concentration in our prayers, and

connect to Hashem thereby bringing the ultimate redemption. Amen.